ADAPTATION TO A LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE EPIDEMIC IN THE ERA OF NETWORKED GOVERNANCE: THE ENDURING IMPORTANCE OF BUREAUCRATIC INSTITUTIONS

Landscape-scale forest disturbance events have become increasingly common worldwide under the ANZA combined influences of climate change and ecosystem modification.The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic that swept through North American forests from the late 1990s through the early 2010s was one of the largest such disturbance

This study determined the effect of larval density-dependent competition for food on development and adult fitness in Sesamia nonagriodes Lef.(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Different numbers (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 individuals) of larvae of the pink stalk borer were reared on a constant amount of food.Although crowding during the immature stages did Facial